Nrega Scheme a Success Essay Example for Free

Nrega Scheme a Success Essay Is NREGA(National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) a triumph or a disappointment? The NREGA is an Indian Job Guarantee plot, ordered by the enactment on Aug 25,2005. The plan gives a legitimate assurance to one hundred days of work in each money related year to grown-up individuals from any provincial family unit at a pay of Rs 120 every day. So practically following five years of its beginning can NREGA be viewed as a triumph ? This exposition will consider various clarifications for finishing up the effect of NREGA. My contention would be that unquestionably NREGA has been a triumph. Above all else we have to recall that NREGA is a program unprecedented. No other business program has even verged on being actualized on such an enormous scope. So the yield can’t be contrasted with that of some other projects. Considering the example of overcoming adversity of the Pandurni town in the Nanded area of Maharastra which won the honor for the best execution in actualizing the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for 2009-2010, we can see that around 1500 individuals from the town are enrolled under this plan from which around 800 have been benifited from it. Pandurni has finished more than 100 water system ventures. Of these ventures one that has been noteworthy is the rough bund worked by around 200 townspeople, to forestall soil disintegration. Authorities guarantee that execution of the plan on such an enormous scope here has forestalled the relocation of workers to different areas. Comparable examples of overcoming adversity have additionally been accounted for from different towns of Rajasthan. NREGA has made more work for provincial individuals than some other program since autonomy. In the event that we take a gander at the inclusion of the booked position and planned clan, on the off chance that we take a gander at the investment of ladies, on the off chance that we take a gander at the money related consideration that we have accomplished about in excess of 10 crore ledgers and mail station accounts that have been opened for NREGA laborers then a ton can be said as far as its accomplishments. It very well may be consented to a reality that nothing in this world is an unmixed gift. I concur if the NREGA has great side, it has a terrible side moreover. However, the evil impacts have been to a great extent because of defilement in our nation. This is a direct result of that just the ‘aam admi’(ordinary individuals) can't benefit the best possible benifits of the plan. NREGA is a plan which whenever actualized appropriately can profit the work class of our nation.

Counseling Session Essay Example for Free

Advising Session Essay Advising can encourage the way toward surviving or working through close to home issues from ordinary hardship just as conceivably dangerous circumstances. This intelligent paper will investigate the three brief advising meetings that I went to with an expert instructor and advisor, named Cassy Johnson-Hodge. By going to these guiding meeting and thinking about Ms. Johnson-Hodges guiding procedure I have started to comprehend the particular abilities an advisor may use in meeting to support customers. Advising requires the instructors to venture delicately into their customers world and assist them with getting mindful of their qualities and concealed magnificence (Michael S. Nystul, p 49). . The significant abilities of open-finished addressing, rewording, and reflection the advisor utilized had recently appeared to be immaterial to me, when it reality it can decide the contrast between a supportive or a non accommodating meeting. I was uncertain of what's in store, before our first meeting as I have never gotten any expert directing. I was apprehensive and on edge while in transit to the meeting as I was uncertain of where to begin or how inside and out the meeting would be. I had arranged what I was going to state during the meeting, yet I was still not feeling certain about it. I broke down in my mind what individual issues I could talk about as an understudy attempting to gain proficiency with the guiding procedures, obviously this was completely founded on my suppositions of what the instructor would inquire. My apprehension and nervousness were promptly settled when I strolled in the room where Cassy Johnson-Hodge gave me a warm welcome. Our first meeting started with a presentation, and I immediately disclosed to her that Im an understudy, and Im not certain what Im expected to be now. Ms. Johnson-Hodges reaction to me was so mindful and understanding, that I quickly felt agreeable enough with her to begin having, what I would consider, a typical discussion. I despite everything felt somewhat apprehensive , yet I knewâ she was giving me a sheltered judgment free condition to talk. Ms. Johnson-Hodge propped the discussion up for the span of the meeting by insisting how I felt about my own life objectives, I likewise felt like she truly comprehended what I was discussing, which accidentally urged me to continue talking. Before the finish of the principal meeting I was truly stunned at the amount I had talked. I truly began to feel the advocate customer relationship creating when she helped me map our meetings. The style and procedure, the advisor utilized all through our meetings gave a suitable answer for me and fulfill the objective we both consent to chip away at. I felt like Ms. Johnson-Hodge tuned in to what I was stating and coordinated the discussion in a positive manner by asking open-finished inquiries to encourage our discussion, rewording what I was stating, and permitting me to consider what I had said. There were likewise different occasions when the advisor would reflect through quiet. During such a period, I had seen Ms. Johnson-Hodge study me and the data that I had given to her. Toward the finish of the meeting, the guide permitted me to get some information about how I feel by summing up what I said to her. I think Ms. Johnson-Hodge did great occupation because of arranging various components that I had offered her and reflected back was helping me to investigate more. Works Cited Nystul, M. S. (2011). Prologue To Counseling. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Why I applied Early Action COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Why I applied Early Action COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Photo credit I applied Early Action to SIPA, where decisions are non-binding, in November 2017 to start in Fall 2018. I applied early because, quite simply, I wanted an early decision. More than that, I applied early action because my graduate school journey started way back in 2016. I started thinking about going to grad school in early 2016, and it took me a while to decide this is what I really wanted. Applying Early Action was the best decision for me because It gave me a deadline and SIPAs Early Action deadline is in early November (for Fall 2020, it is November 1, 2019!), which was the earliest of all the schools I applied to. I used this deadline as an  early EARLY action  in my planning and figured if I worked towards SIPAs deadline, I would be prepared for all other schools deadlines. It was helpful for me because I worked backwards from the deadline to fulfill the  application checklist. The checklist is also quite similar for the other schools I applied to, with the difference being the essays. This helped me gather everything I needed pretty early on, which was a huge burden off because youre working through that checklist. Working on the essays for SIPAs deadline also helped me articulate clearly why I wanted to go back to school and what I hoped to accomplish. This made it a lot easier to write the other essays too. I heard back super early Applying early action means you get a non-binding early decision! I heard back from SIPA right after Christmas, which was a nice way to usher in the New Year. The admission e-letter plays Frank Sinatras New York, New York (turn that volume up!) and has falling confetti. It was basically just perfect. (That added touch made me so happy like you cant even imagine.) (Sad story but the SIPA decision email actually went to my spam so I actually saw it two days after it was sent, but that doesnt matter. So worth it.) And it adds to the holiday festivity. Given that you hear back around 8 weeks after you apply, and because its around the holiday season, I was definitely preoccupied so I didnt have any anxiety or stress while waiting to hear back. So apply early action because no stress, no mess! Which means I could plan the next 8 months Hearing back by the New Year also gave me time to plan the next 8 months leading up to SIPA. It gave me space to plan time for family, holidays, boring admin like banks and visas, and more crucially, when to leave my job. I didnt feel stressed that I had a hundred things to do before moving, and I had time to troubleshoot problems. SIPA requires that you provide official documents once you are accepted. While some institutions have this all figured out and you only need to click a button, others have a more complicated process that requires many emails, calls and mailing paper transcripts (and things can get lost in the mail trust me on this), for you to complete this and get the verified documents check. Lastly, I  received a conditional offer for SIPA, which meant that I needed to spend some time improving on my quantitative skills (read: I had to take economics classes). Again, the 8 months gave me time to plan ahead on how to meet this requirement. But conversely, if I had not b een accepted, I would have had time to apply to other/more schools, reapply or figure out an alternative. And gave me a sense of security.   Once I heard back from SIPA, I felt relieved. I felt strangely secure that at least someone wanted me. This gave me the confidence to apply to my remaining schools because maybe they would want me to? Probably not but maybe. This security also meant that yes, I was going to graduate school and got me very excited! Was Early Action the right choice? Applying to grad school made me very nervous, anxious and scared because I felt all my hopes and dreams were on the line. Applying Early Action was  absolutely  the best decision for me. I felt hugely relieved once I applied because it was out of my control by then. Because Im a planner and I liked having the extra time to figure out a game plan, the early decision helped. That said, there are people who applied at the very last minute, so I think it boils down to personality and your comfort with uncertainty. So, what you are waiting for? Apply Early Action! The Fall 2020 Early Action Deadline is November 1, 2019.

Why I applied Early Action COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Why I applied Early Action COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Photo credit I applied Early Action to SIPA, where decisions are non-binding, in November 2017 to start in Fall 2018. I applied early because, quite simply, I wanted an early decision. More than that, I applied early action because my graduate school journey started way back in 2016. I started thinking about going to grad school in early 2016, and it took me a while to decide this is what I really wanted. Applying Early Action was the best decision for me because It gave me a deadline and SIPAs Early Action deadline is in early November (for Fall 2020, it is November 1, 2019!), which was the earliest of all the schools I applied to. I used this deadline as an  early EARLY action  in my planning and figured if I worked towards SIPAs deadline, I would be prepared for all other schools deadlines. It was helpful for me because I worked backwards from the deadline to fulfill the  application checklist. The checklist is also quite similar for the other schools I applied to, with the difference being the essays. This helped me gather everything I needed pretty early on, which was a huge burden off because youre working through that checklist. Working on the essays for SIPAs deadline also helped me articulate clearly why I wanted to go back to school and what I hoped to accomplish. This made it a lot easier to write the other essays too. I heard back super early Applying early action means you get a non-binding early decision! I heard back from SIPA right after Christmas, which was a nice way to usher in the New Year. The admission e-letter plays Frank Sinatras New York, New York (turn that volume up!) and has falling confetti. It was basically just perfect. (That added touch made me so happy like you cant even imagine.) (Sad story but the SIPA decision email actually went to my spam so I actually saw it two days after it was sent, but that doesnt matter. So worth it.) And it adds to the holiday festivity. Given that you hear back around 8 weeks after you apply, and because its around the holiday season, I was definitely preoccupied so I didnt have any anxiety or stress while waiting to hear back. So apply early action because no stress, no mess! Which means I could plan the next 8 months Hearing back by the New Year also gave me time to plan the next 8 months leading up to SIPA. It gave me space to plan time for family, holidays, boring admin like banks and visas, and more crucially, when to leave my job. I didnt feel stressed that I had a hundred things to do before moving, and I had time to troubleshoot problems. SIPA requires that you provide official documents once you are accepted. While some institutions have this all figured out and you only need to click a button, others have a more complicated process that requires many emails, calls and mailing paper transcripts (and things can get lost in the mail trust me on this), for you to complete this and get the verified documents check. Lastly, I  received a conditional offer for SIPA, which meant that I needed to spend some time improving on my quantitative skills (read: I had to take economics classes). Again, the 8 months gave me time to plan ahead on how to meet this requirement. But conversely, if I had not b een accepted, I would have had time to apply to other/more schools, reapply or figure out an alternative. And gave me a sense of security.   Once I heard back from SIPA, I felt relieved. I felt strangely secure that at least someone wanted me. This gave me the confidence to apply to my remaining schools because maybe they would want me to? Probably not but maybe. This security also meant that yes, I was going to graduate school and got me very excited! Was Early Action the right choice? Applying to grad school made me very nervous, anxious and scared because I felt all my hopes and dreams were on the line. Applying Early Action was  absolutely  the best decision for me. I felt hugely relieved once I applied because it was out of my control by then. Because Im a planner and I liked having the extra time to figure out a game plan, the early decision helped. That said, there are people who applied at the very last minute, so I think it boils down to personality and your comfort with uncertainty. So, what you are waiting for? Apply Early Action! The Fall 2020 Early Action Deadline is November 1, 2019.

William Golding, the author of Lord of the Flies, was born...

William Golding, the author of Lord of the Flies, was born on September 19, 1911. He was born in Saint Columb Minor, Cornwall, England. William Golding was an English and philosophy teacher all the way up to 1940. Right after his teaching career, he joined the navy to serve his time. The navy is what inspired him to write his first big novel, Lord of the Flies. Lord of the Flies was actually awarded Nobel Prize for literature, ten years later William Golding passes away in Perranarworthal, Cornwall, England. William Golding always had a passion for writing. At the age 12 Golding attempted his first novel, but failed. As a child, unlike most writers, he was actually the bully. Golding was a frustrated boy who enjoyed bullying, â€Å"I enjoyed†¦show more content†¦He would help lead and be in charge of hunting for food. In the process of appointing some of the boys what to do, he stumbled across a shell. Right away Ralph knew this could be a very useful tool. When Ralph ble w into the shell it made a very loud noise, attracting everyone’s attention. With the shell, Ralph decided to blow again, to see if there was any one else on that island that could be lost. The boys on the island waited for a little, while Ralph blew the shell. Only a few more boys came from the woods who heard the strange call. Now all they could assume was they were the only survivors. Ralph decided, who ever had she shell, would have the right to speak during their meetings. Jack, still very angry he wasn’t chosen to be the leader, took his boys to look for food. Jack has never gone hunting before, therefore he had no idea what to expect. When searching the island, they came across a wild pig, and without thinking, jack and the boys began the chase. The boy’s adrenaline was pumping. All they could think was food. The boys running through branches and bushes, getting cut up with the thorns they ran through, stumbling over stumps on the ground, but finally they tired the pig to the point the boys caught the pig by its leg. Now it was up to jack to kill the pig, his heart was pumping faster and faster, as he got closer to the pig. The pig appeared to have a tears coming out. Jack picked up the knife as his heart felt as if it dropped to his stomach, thenShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Research1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe research topic is selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic is found, the literatur e review is completed, and a decision is made on the research design. Now, one of the most important steps in the research process to accomplish is the collection of data. Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. 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Essay Symposium Cave Allegory - 739 Words

Starting at 210a of The Symposium, Diotima speaks with Socrates about reaching the final vision of the mysteries. She starts talking about a young boy who is starting to be attracted to beautiful bodies. He first loves one body; and then, realizing that all bodies are relatively alike, he begins to love all beautiful bodies. After that, he comes to appreciate the beauty of minds, not caring anymore about physical attraction. After all stages, the boy will ultimately come to loving beauty itself and all beautiful things. This gradual climb to the final vision is similar to the climb out of the cave in Platos Allegory of the Cave. In the Allegory of the Cave, the chained down prisoners are limited with their perception on reality. At†¦show more content†¦Similar to The Symposium, the cave allegory also has a reference to a Form. At the last stage of the prisoners climb to the top of the cave, he sees the sun and observes the Form of Good. Since he was recently unaware of the F orm of Good, he has reached a higher understanding, just like the boy from The Symposium. These two pieces written by Plato also have two characters, Socrates and the prisoners, who are similar. After returning to the cave, the prisoner would be reentering a world of darkness, having to talk to all the unreleased prisoners. He would live with the other prisoners, being able to see better than all of the rest. Because of his different perspective of reality and new knowledge, he would assume the position of the leader of the group and take care of the prisoners. Socrates does this exact thing in The Symposium. He seems to be the most enlightened one in the group and appears to be the puppet by which Plato speaks about his own views. Alcibiades speaks about how he looked up to and loved Socrates during his speech starting at 212c. Socrates acts as the mentor and leader in The Symposium, just as a prisoner would be if he were to leave the cave and become enlightened. Although there are many dissimilarities in these two pieces written by Plato, there are lots of similarities. It is very surprising to see as many parallels between the two works, even though they have the same author. To start, Diotimas speech had theShow MoreRelatedTheory of Ideas1002 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of Philosophy. Throughout his life, he had made many contributions to the world of philosophy, but the most important contribution that he is most known for is his theory of the Ideas or Forms. Throughout his many works such as the Phaedo and Symposium, he presented his theory of Ideas by using both mythos and logos in his argument for support. 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Will he not fancy that the shadows which he formerly saw are truer than the objects which are now shown to him? (Book 7 Republic 515d) This just shows that perception has no meaning, Life in the cave symbolises the material world, where theRead More Matthe w Arnold versus Aristotles Poetics Essay examples3833 Words   |  16 Pagessense almost unique in Greek philosophy and literature. I would also say that Aristotle in his life and writing is more like the typical Greek (if there ever can be a summary description of any people which is of course doubtful). Alcibiades, in the Symposium, said in praise of Socrates, that there was never anyone like him, and it was after I read this that I began to think that perhaps there were few in Greece like Plato either, and now I will tell you why I think this is the case. (3) AristotleRead More Exploring Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Essay4114 Words   |  17 PagesIn Plato’s Symposium, the discussion on the nature of love between Socrates and his companions in the house of Agathon clearly discerns key ideas that Shakespeare uses in the sonnets. Beauty, youth, and love are all topics of discussion in the conversations, and Plato’s ideas show up again and again when the sonnets are explored. In Symposium, Aristophanes gives a detailed description of a time when humans were not in their present physical form (Plato 353). His tale posits that the original formRead MoreRational Thought and Technological Advancement Essay2173 Words   |  9 Pagesit. It is debatable whether Socrates believed humans (as opposed to gods like Apollo) could actually become wise. 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Essay on The Importance of Early Childhood Cognitive...

The Importance of Early Childhood Cognitive Development America has many programs for graduating students that are involved with education and children. While any college student can appreciate education, I suspect that few understand the importance of early childhood development. Having committed to apply for a position in Teach for America, I want to better understand why it is so important to get em while theyre young. In 2001, the US Department of Education, Academy of the Sciences, and the Foundation for Child Development conducted a study on early childhood development. Several interesting, scientific ideas and trends on childhood development emerged from the study. The questions surrounding this research were: how†¦show more content†¦At first this growth is uninhibited. However, as the infant reaches toddler age, the brain begins to eliminate some synapses between neurons in order to help the brain transmit information more efficiently. The synapses and neurons that were activated most during growth are the ones that will be preserved. This process helps to create a brain better equipped to absorb knowledge. (1) To optimize synaptic pruning, some studies show that a specific learning process may help the brain form itself into a more useful tool. (2) The Eagar to Learn study found five criteria that are based on neuroplasticity. The first, attention, stresses the need to hone the development of this skill during the first five years of life- the years with the most rapid brain growth. Second, priming, or the acquisition of knowledge through sight and sound, may reshape the synapses of the brain based on stimulus. Practice, the fourth criterion, also uses neuroplasticity to absorb knowledge into the brain. The fourth and fifth criteria are related to language. Learning and rule learning both demonstrate that the sooner these elements of education are specified and controlled, the more likely the brain will have a better synaptic pruning process. In other words, the more weak synapses will be eliminated. Eagar to Learn reports that once English orthography, a component of rule learning, is set in the brain, the brain may become strongly resistant to change.Show MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |   6 PagesIn this childhood developmental study, a comparative analysis of the theories of Lee Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning inRead MoreChildhood Development Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood begins a new era of development, one that is filled with exploration and a new understanding of the world. Children are finally beginning to understand aspects of their environment that they were unable to comprehend during infancy. While development during childhood occurs less rapidly than that which is experienced during infancy, there are still many major changes that children go through dur ing this time. During childhood, children experience physical and cognitive growth, create newRead MoreThe Importance of Physical Activity Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesa child’s development. The process of childhood development is dynamic, recognised by various fields including the influential society, inherited characteristics through genetics, and the psychological behaviour of the child. 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This is just one way children pretend and play. In this little fantasy simple items transform into towers, houses, and dragons. Play is a vital part of development and early learning. Play influence cognitive, social, emotional development as well as with self-regulation, motivation, and decentration. Play is natural and instinctive activity that helps children develop in all areas. There are different types of play. Dramatic and SociodramaticRead MoreChallenges Of Children Face When They Start School1703 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the challenges that children face when they start school? Transition from early childhood to middle childhood involves many milestones in a child’s life, but none quite as significant for both parent and child as when it is time to start fulltime school. Even when a child has been attending pre-school nursery, private nursery, a childminder, or nanny, it is still a major event in any parent and child’s relationship, and as such can cause a lot of anxiety for either or both child and parentRead MoreEarly Childhood Curriculum Planning Essay examples716 Words   |  3 PagesThis paper will examine the planning and purpose of curriculum in the early childhood classroom. Discussed will be the definition of an integrated curriculum, and the connection between curriculum and development in the pre-kindergarten and Kindergarten student. The core content areas of childhood development will be outlined and defined and developmental support provided to all areas of content will be examined. Some of the reasons for maintaining a curricul um plan, as well as connections betweenRead MoreAcademic Philosophy Of Early Childhood Education1356 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Children’s academic performance in schools is not only based on the type of schools attended by them, children exposed to early education are expected to outperform those that were not. This paper focused on Philosophy of Early Childhood Education with interest on whether Children with early education perform well academically than those that do not. In most countries in West Africa, parents take their children to preschools before going through primary education. This preschool educationRead MoreThe Different Stages Of Human Development1617 Words   |  7 Pageshuman development can be vast in dimension. The chosen age group was childhood (3-12 years) or also called the juvenile period consist of various features of its age group. 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Threat to Personal Privacy Posed by the Emerging Networking

Question: Discuss about theThreat to Personal Privacy Posed by the Emerging Networking. Answer: Introduction The information technology have helped in enhancing the life style of the human being in the world. The use of the information technology in the market have modified the technological aspects of the human being. There are various associated with the privacy of the information technology. This report discusses about the privacy issues in the networking. There has been a proper analysis of the threats in the info ration technology on the networks. This report outlines the basic threats that are prevailing in the network. A proper evaluation of the threats has been done in the report. There are various recommendation have been provided that helps in mitigating the challenges in the network security. Identification to issues The use of the internet has increases the threats to the privacy of the personal data and information of the users all over the world [1]. Cybercriminals are causing major risk to the personal data d information of the users. There are gas been many reports of the cyber-attacks in the world that have caused data loss in the organization and at personal level. Technology with weak security Many new technologies are released in the market in a daily basis. However, the security protocols of these devices and technologies are not so good to prevent form cyber-attacks in the world [2]. The hackers cab easily breach into these devices and breach all personal information. Social media attacks Hackers are now focusing in the social media including the Facebook and Twitter. Many users are sharing their personal information over these social media websites [3]. This has been attracting the hackers to attack their accounts and breach their personal data and information. Third-party entry Security experts have seen chance in mobile phone security since the initial of availability to Internet. Considering the way of life's unbreakable dependence on mobile phones and how little cybercriminals have focused on them, it makes a cataclysmic risk [4]. Target is the ideal specimen of a noteworthy system attacks through outsider section focuses [5]. The worldwide retailer's HVAC merchant were deplorable worker whose qualifications were stolen and used to take money related informational indexes for 70 million clients [6]. Lack of Encryption The lack in the encryption of data has been a major cause for the cyber-attacks in the network. The data packets needs to be encrypted during transmission. Ensuring sensitive business information and still is measure couple of businesses presently cannot seem to grasp, in spite of its adequacy [7]. The encrypted from data and information in the network helps in maintaining the security of the data. The data packets over the network are transmitted with encryption.[8]. Analysis The various cyber-attacks in the network has been causing a great threat to the privacy of the users over the network. The lack in the security of the data and information over the network have caused cyber-attacks over the network. The security of the personal data over the network can be accessed by using the IP address of the user over the network. Data assurance laws are in compel in all countries. The data standard hidden these laws is the prerequisite of educated assent for preparing by the information subject [9]. These improvements have on a very basic level changed practices of data innovation. Even inside the scholarly research field, momentum practices of composing, submitting, inspecting and distributing writings, for example, this one would be incomprehensible without data innovation. In the meantime, many gatherings group data about distributions, creators, and so on. This empowers suggestions on which paper researchers should read, however in the meantime manufactures a detailed profile of every individual researcher [10]. As network expands for accessing the data, it additionally for specialists to act in light of the new wellsprings of data. When these sources contain personal data, risks of damage, imbalance, separation, and loss of self-sufficiency effortlessly rise [11]. Besides, frameworks instead of clients may choose which data is shown, in this manner defying clients just with news that matches their profiles [12]. The lack in the security of the data and information over the network have caused cyber-attacks over the network. The security of the personal data over the network can be accessed by using the IP address of the user over the network. Recommendations There are various techniques that helps in preventing the personal data and information for hacking. The users are recommended not to share their personal information over the internet including social media. The personal data and information includes contact number, address, age and banking information. These are not secure over the internet. The use of an updated antivirus and firewall helps in providing security to the system. This prevents viruses and malwares from entering into network of users. Therefore, it prevents form the cyber-attacks over the internet. Conclusion It can be concluded that the cyber security over the network. Many new technologies are released in the market in a daily basis. The hackers can easily breach into these devices and breach all personal information. There are various recommendations provided in the report for mitigating the challenges in the risk of the personal data and information. References [1] Cao, Ning, Cong Wang, Ming Li, Kui Ren, and Wenjing Lou. "Privacy-preserving multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data."IEEE Transactions on parallel and distributed systems25, no. 1 (2014): 222-233. [2] Li, Yibin, Wenyun Dai, Zhong Ming, and Meikang Qiu. "Privacy protection for preventing data over-collection in smart city."IEEE Transactions on Computers65, no. 5 (2016): 1339-1350. [3] Xia, Zhihua, Xinhui Wang, Xingming Sun, and Qian Wang. "A secure and dynamic multi-keyword ranked search scheme over encrypted cloud data."IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems27, no. 2 (2016): 340-352. [4] Hashem, Ibrahim Abaker Targio, Ibrar Yaqoob, Nor Badrul Anuar, Salimah Mokhtar, Abdullah Gani, and Samee Ullah Khan. "The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues."Information Systems47 (2015): 98-115. [5] Sicari, Sabrina, Alessandra Rizzardi, Luigi Alfredo Grieco, and Alberto Coen-Porisini. "Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead."Computer Networks76 (2015): 146-164. [6] Aggarwal, Charu C., Naveen Ashish, and Amit Sheth. "The internet of things: A survey from the data-centric perspective." InManaging and mining sensor data, pp. 383-428. Springer US, 2013. [7] Perera, Charith, Rajiv Ranjan, Lizhe Wang, Samee U. Khan, and Albert Y. Zomaya. "Big data privacy in the internet of things era."IT Professional17, no. 3 (2015): 32-39. [8] Roman, Rodrigo, Jianying Zhou, and Javier Lopez. "On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things."Computer Networks57, no. 10 (2013): 2266-2279. [9] Fallahi, Amin, Xi Liu, Yuzhe Tang, Shuang Wang, and Rui Zhang. "Towards Secure Public Directory for Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing." InDistributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on, pp. 2577-2578. IEEE, 2017. [10] Nandwani, Mona, and Rishabh Kaushal. "Evaluating User Vulnerability to Privacy Disclosures over Online Dating Platforms." InInternational Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 342-353. Springer, Cham, 2017. [11] Tso, Raylin, Abdulhameed Alelaiwi, Sk Md Mizanur Rahman, Mu-En Wu, and M. Shamim Hossain. "Privacy-Preserving Data Communication Through Secure Multi-Party Computation in Healthcare Sensor Cloud."Journal of Signal Processing Systems89, no. 1 (2017): 51-59. [12] Gangadharan, Seeta Pea. "The downside of digital inclusion: Expectations and experiences of privacy and surveillance among marginal Internet users."new media society19, no. 4 (2017): 597-615.

The Gravity of Words free essay sample

I excitedly hurried my morning routine on that cool Tuesday in March as I slipped on my handmade earrings. I waited so anxiously to wear them after the many hours I spent tying six knots too many to prevent gravity from stealing the bulky turquoise beads from me. I posed before my bathroom mirror while watching my ten-year old reflection smile back at me with her well-decorated ears that anticipated many compliments. Similar to the proximity of my earlobes to the â€Å"latest fashions,† I was way off with my predictions. Instead, sheer humiliation stripped my ears nude when heartbreaking words penetrated through them. As I put my backpack down in Mrs. Provenzano’s fifth grade classroom, I heard a sassy little voice sneer, â€Å"Oh. My. GOD! Natalie! Why are you wearing those earrings? They’re SO ugly!† Cassidy was the queen bee and stung freely with the weaponry of words. But words can also spread leadership until it pours out, soaking those around with positive enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gravity of Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So I verbalized some of the many hardships faced by barefoot people—those in poverty around the world—to my peers and used words to help initiate and advertise a shoe drive. Nearly four hundred lives were improved, and I owe a lot of this to the power of language. Language matters, regardless of which one. I spent some afternoons teaching second graders how to speak Italian last year, and it reminded me of how much global cultures rely on words to communicate feelings, beliefs, facts, or even lessons, such as how I used English to explain how to say, for instance, â€Å"Ciao, mi chiamo Natalie. Come stai?† It keeps us together and steadily moving forward. That same spring, I found myself peer coaching the jumpers on my track team. My friend, Brittani, was training to break fourteen feet on her long jump; it was the requirement for a varsity letter. During the penultimate meet of the season, she jumped just a foot shy of the varsity requirement, but her jump still gave her third place. Her attitude began to morph from collected and focused to excited and distracted. But I remembered how desperately Brittani wanted to reach her goal. I used words of encouragement to remind her of her capabilities. Her breathing and concentration grew dee per. She then stood at the runway with glowing confidence and jumped fourteen feet and one inch. Being able to recognize the many pathways words can take—be it positive means of communication or an arsenal of destruction—I have learned through my transition into adulthood. In other words, the fact that words had the ability to change my entire opinion of my very own earrings shows me how much power words truly have. Sometimes the gravity of words is stronger than that of the Earth; after all, Cassidy’s words were what pulled the earrings off, not the weight of the beads. If words can defy gravity, it’s my mission to use them to lift up others until no force can pull them down.

Howard hughes - insane recluse essays

Howard hughes - insane recluse essays Howard Hughes was one of the most mysterious men in America. He lived the American Dream of not only becoming wealthy, but of building an empire. His father made a lot of money by patenting a drill bit for oil wells. After his death, Hughes inherited a large sum of money and a large portion of his fathers company, and he proceeded to buy the remainder of company, so that he could own it all. After a few years of running the tool company, Hughes decided to go into the movie-making business. He made several movies, the most famous being Hells Angels, and he began dating movie stars. After a few years in Hollywood, Hughes went into the aircraft business. He started Hughes Aircraft, and invested heavily in TWA. In the aircraft industry, Hughes was a pioneer. He set many records at the time for fastest flights and also succeeded in building the worlds largest airplane, the Spruce Goose. In 1966, Hughes sold his aircraft investments for over half of a billion dollars and rented the top fl oor of a Las Vegas hotel for ten days. When his time had expired, Hughes would not move and decided to buy the hotel so he did not have to leave. He remained in this hotel as a hermit (Sauter). Hughes was forced into seclusion by his mental disorder and his drug addiction. Although Hughes actions were inexplicable, the public loved to hear of his exploits. There was such a demand for his story that Clifford Irving had the idea to pretend to be the authorized autobiographer of Hughes. In his recount of writing Hughes false autobiography, The Hoax, Irving speculates that Hughes mental disorder stems from his worrisome mother. Irving creates a tale of how Hughes mother believed that one could get leprosy from eating cornbread. Pretending to be Hughes, Irving writes, She had a lot of theories about disease, I remember. I think it was you couldnt eat gi ...

Green Computing Literature Review Research Paper

Green Computing Literature Review - Research Paper Example Since strategy, IT, and business operations are continuously being affected by the green issues, lack of G-readiness can deprive a firm of the opportunities to become increasingly competitive and successful (Molla and Cooper, 2009, p. 20). The aim of this paper is to carry out empirical investigation of the influence of Green IT on the return of investment of businesses. Green IT has been identified as the most important strategic technology of the year 2008 (Thibodeau, 2007). Although plenty of research has been done on the societal role of business, not much has been said about the influence of corporate environmentalism or Green IT policies on the competitiveness of firms and return of investment (Banerjee, 2002, p. 179). The main question that is being researched in the paper is â€Å"To what extent do the green IT policies affect the return of investment of businesses?† The idea of green computing started around 1992 with the launch of Energy Star by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Ruth, 2009, p. 80). There are mixed opinions about the adoption of Green IT in businesses in the contemporary age. While some like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) foresee huge threats associated with this trend, there are many others e.g. Will (2009) that deny or downplay the estimated or assumed risks. Among the professionals and economists who acknowledge the risks, some lay down the option of either accepting lower living standards so that the climate change can be slowed down or reversed or else, pay the price of making modifications and adjustments according to its effects. Others like President Barack Obama are more optimistic and see the adoption of Green IT as a way to have an economy that is not only more energy efficient but also cleaner as he said, â€Å"We will put Americans to work in new jobs that pay well and can’t be outsourced—jobs building solar panels and wind turbines; constructing fuel-efficient cars a nd buildings; and developing the new energy technologies that will lead to even more jobs, more savings, and a cleaner, safer planet in the bargain† (Obama, 2009 cited in Dedrick, 2010, p. 175). The community of information systems has started to seriously consider the importance of the role of IT in the creation as well as reduction of global warming. Dick and Burns (2011) carried out an exploratory study to determine the extent to which small businesses in North Georgia were utilizing the Green IT and also to identify the factors that are motivating or discouraging them to use Green IT, and found that although small businesses know the opportunities and possibilities associated with the Green IT practices, there is huge variation in the take-up. To date, most of the activity and discussion has been focused on the minimization of the direct impacts of IT on the environment by increasing the energy efficiency of the personal computing equipment and data centers. Organizations are feeling a strong incentive to adopt them because of the tendency of these efforts to cause a direct reduction of the costs associated with IT. A lot of research work is being done to introduce new and efficient ways of integration of Green IT in the work setup. Desai and Bhatia (2011) have introduced a Green IT Maturity Model (GITM) that can be used for the assessment as well as implementation of the services

Importance and Benefits of Wetlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance and Benefits of Wetlands - Essay Example One can imagine the importance of wetlands by the idea that these wetlands provide sources on which the ecosystems are based. These wetlands actually provide support to the entire ecosystems. There are some plants species that can only and specifically survive in the wetlands i.e. water lilies, sedges, cypress, cattails, mangroves and many more other species. These plant species, which are specific in the wetlands and can only grow in a certain environment, are the food for many other living organisms. Therefore, we can say that the wetlands provide food for certain living organisms in the form of different plants. Like plants, there are many other marine animals, which are only specific to the wetlands. These animals are also wetland specific and cannot live in any other area except wetland. The rate of moisture can be seasonal or permanent on these wetlands. Similarly, in these wetlands the water can be different depending upon the nature of wetland. It can be fresh water, salt wat er, marshes, brackish water. The water present on the wetlands can be used in different ways. Like many other things in the natural environment, the wetlands are also disturbed by the human activities. The human beings are using these wet lands for their own construction and other purposes. Another reason behind the problems with the wetlands is the increasing rate of pollution and specially water pollution. These pollution resources are actually destroying the natural habitat of many species, which are specific to the wetlands and cannot grow with a wetland area. The negative impacts of human activities are very clear on these wetlands because they are being cleared or eroded by the human beings. This erosion may destroy the natural chemical makeup of all the species, which are related to the habitat of wetlands and thus a major portion of the wetlands can be shattered.

What Is Impression Management Children And Young People Essay

What Is Impression Management Children And Young People Essay In this chapter, we will be discussing about the historical background of impression management, followed by the definition and scope of impression management. There are different metaphors that used to describe people that use impression management tactics. According to Shakespeares As You Like It : All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players , he compares the the world to a stage and life to a play, literally means that our life is just a drama only. However, Shakespeare only interpreted it as a theatrical analogy but not a sociology theory. The term was first adapted into sociology from the theatre by  Erving Goffman, who developed most of the related terminology and ideas in his 1959 book,  The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.   Thus, the theatrical analogy was being transformed into dramaturgy, a method of analyzing social interaction as if the participants were performing on a stage. Dramaturgy  is a  sociological  perspective starting from  symbolic interactionism , and commonly used in microsociological  accounts of social interaction in everyday life. Erving Goffman (1922-1982), arguably the most original American theorist of the second half of the 20th century, the metaphor of life as theater is rich in meaning. He saw all human interaction as, in some ways, very much like a grand play. He was not, however, as concerned with sweeping generalizations about the human condition as he is much more concerned with the particulars of daily life-the micro-level interactions between individuals that, when taken together, constitute the human experience. At this micro level, he argues, the world is much more like a stage than we commonly realize. Goffman stated that it is impossible to discuss peoples selves abstracted from their social situations. He writes, This self itself does not derive from its possessor, but from the whole scene of his action. . . this self is a product of a scene that comes off, and not a cause of it. The self, then, as a performed character, is not an organic thing that has specific location. . . [the individual and his body] merely provide the peg on which something of collaborative manufacture will be hung for a time. And the means for producing and maintaining selves do not reside inside the peg. (Goffman, 1959, pp. 252-253) Thus, the fundamental unit of social analysis is not the individual but rather as the team ,which is responsible for the creation of perceptions of reality in social set-tings. A peoples action is always depending upon the situation and the people, yet we could not really observe or even find out the deeper heart of a person. While Goffman (1959) applied dramaturgy as a tool for smooth interactions, the theory then changes into a more application forms. Some social psychologists like Edward Jones labeled dramaturgy as serving more specific purposes for impression management. Impression management is rather a applied sociology theory that emphasis on the strategic such as gaining power and influencing others. During the 1970s, the impression management perspective became very popular among laboratory-oriented experimental social psychologists and in the mid 1980s, more organizational studies emerged to use the impression management framework. Most empirical studies on impression management concentrate on the situational or individual factors that influence a certain impression management behaviour or tactics that affect outcomes like promotions, performance appraisal ratings, and career success. What is impression management ? Impression management is defined as the process by which people attempt to influence the images that others have of them (Rosenfeld, Giacalone Riordan, 1995). According to sociologist Erving Goffman, men and women are like actors, which perform in front of everyone (audience) to attract their attentions.They use their experiences as a script,to deal with daily activities. Usually a script contains of basic information that people stored in their mind like the persons involved, the situations and the meaning of a scene. Without a script,the situation might become chaos,and the actors behavious might become chaotic as well.When people engage in social intereactions, it is known as performances. The performance consists of a combination of verbal and non verbal behaviours, influenced by actors interaction motives. In the next chapter, we will be discussing more about impression management behavior. Impression management behaviours In this chapter,we will discuss about different types of impression management that exist,followed by Jones and Pittmans (1982) impression management taxonomy. According to Leary and Kowalski( 1990) there are two types of impression management behaviours:verbal impression management behaviour and non verbal impression management behaviour.Non verbal behaviour contains expressions like smile, yawns, and etc that can reflect the feeling of the actors without the use of words. Whereas for verbal impression management behaviour,it is defined as the opposite of non verbal behaviour because it involves the action of the actors to influence the others. Verbal impression management can separate into 2 categories, assertive impression management and defensive impression management.. Assertive impression management is a tactic that to reveal a favourable image on the other. It also further divide into 2 sub-categories, that is other-focused (making sure that the target feel good about himself) and self-focused (aim to himself to make it seems that he has a potential skill and posses a good qualities on others). For defensive impression management, it is mostly used to repair or protect ones image. Jones and Pittman Taxonomy E.E Jones was the first sociologist who investigate the social behaviour. He believed that the Ingratiation has the largest power to influence other people in order to increase their attractiveness of themselves. Jones and Pittman later developed another 4 classes of self-presentation strategies that will mainly engage in our daily life in order to influence the others. There are: Intimidation, Self-promotion, Exemplification and Supplication. Ingratiation The most common and most studied impression management tactic is ingratiation. It is also known as attraction management . According to Jones, ingratiation is a process where the ingratiator find out what the audience finds attractive in an individual and then provide it to them. It is widely used by everyone in our daily activities.People engage in ingratiation to enhance their own actual power in a relationship. Ingratiation can be a successful way of influencing others if it is used wisely. Intimidation People who engage in intimidation try to gain social power by being feared. The intimidator try to convince his target that he is dangerous. By doing so, he will gain respect from his targets. Intimidation is most likely to take place in working field, family, school and etc. Self-promotion Unlike ingratiation who want to be liked, self promotion focus more on being competent.The actor usually focus more on specific skills that they have, such as playing a musical instrument to attract other people. The self-promoter wants to convince others and portray an image of competence among everyone.The aim when using this strategy is usually an immediate one such as getting admitted into university or getting a new job. Exemplification The ingratiator wants to be liked, the self promoter wants to be seen as competent, the intimidator wants to be feared, and the exemplifier wants to be admired and respected.He wants to be seen as disciplined and honest Usually the exemplifier always come early at work or takes work home everyday.They want everyone knows that they work hard and engage in self sacrifice.By doing so, the others will feel guilty because they are not the same as the exemplifier. The target will somehow support the exemplifier by doing the same thing sooner or later. Supplication The last self presentation strategy would be supplication. It is a strategy where someone exploits their weaknesses.The supplicator tend to seek help or sympathy from others. Usually it is used by those handicapped people, who cant perform daily activities normally. Supplication is the opposite of self promotion. Based on daily realities, critically discuss how lectures, parents, politicians and artistes engage in impression management. In this chapter, we will discuss in details about the question of this assignment (which is stated above). Artistes As we mentioned in previous chapters, everyone engage in impression management in their daily lifes, especially the artistes.There are three types of strategies artistes use to manage their impressions, they are ingratiation, self promotion, and supplication. Most of the artistes use ingratiation tactic to attract their fans. Artistes do it through make up, wearing provocative clothes, expensive jewelries to portray a healthy look. This gives a fake image towards the public on the attractiveness of the celebrities. For example, Nicole Kidman will not step out from her house without any make up. Imagine if the fans see their idols real look without any make up, they might feel surprise and disappointed, and this might cause them to support another artist instead of the original one. Thats why we always see the artistes in heavy make up or beautiful clothes, but never see them in normal looks. Besides ingratiation, artistes also use self promotion strategy when engaging in impression management. Artistes do it by promoting themselves and portray an image of competence among them. This will show the difference between the celebrities. They want the audience to recognize them for the skills, not only their physical appearance. For instance, Tom Cruise is one of the most well known male actor in Hollywood. He might not be as handsome as Brad Pitt, but his unique acting skills made him as the best male actor in the past 10 years. This proves that physical appearance is not the only tool to survive in the artistes world, but also the unique skill that each artist possesses. In addition, artistes also use supplication strategy to manage their impression. As we all know, Michael Jackson was found addicted to drugs during the 1990s.He admitted taking Valium, Xanax and Ativan to deal with the stress of the child sexual abuse allegations made against him, and painkillers actually were prescribed to soothe excruciating pain that he was suffering after recent reconstructive surgery on his scalp. All the fans were shocked and upset when they found out about that. They cant accept the fact that their idol has been on drugs for so long. Some fans were disappointed and refused to support him anymore. However, he admitted the mistakes and acknowledge that should be punished. He pleaded the fans to forgive him for his silly mistakes.In the end, the fans forgive him for drugs abuse and continue to support him.If he did not apologize to his fans, the situation might changed. Conclusion In this assignment, we have a clearer picture about the background of impression management and the definition of it. We also understand that there are different types of impression management strategies that we use in our daily activities. The main purpose for this assignment is to study about the different ways to engage in impression management by different individuals with different roles. Artistes, politicians, lectures, and parents are the targets for this assignment. By using Jones and Pittman Taxonomy, we can understand how the targets manage their impressions in daily activities. Different people will use different strategy to manage their impression, but their goal is the same: attract attention. To conclude, impression management is very important to all of us. We need it in our daily activities. Everyone wants to make a good impression when we are communicating with other people. A good impression is very important because we will never get a second chance to make a first impression. UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE ACADEMIC YEAR: 2012 OCTOBER 2012 TRIMESTER ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Course Title : INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY Course Code : UAPS2003 Tutorial group : Tutorial 3 Title of assignment : Impression management Due date : 14 November 2012 Students Name Students ID No. Course Year and Sem Parents Parents usually are the one who having most of the time get in touch with their children. Hence, it is not peculiar that parents usually use some kind of impression management on their children. Children, on the other hand, will be influenced by their parents, in order to be disciplined or becoming a well-mannered person in the future. Thus, showing that impression management is the important part in this field for educating children. Parents usually use 3 types of impression management on them, there are Ingratiation, Intimidation and Exemplification. In terms of Ingratiation, parents usually behave friendly in front of their child. Even though they are working at outstation, leaving them alone or sending them to the guardinator to take good care of their child, they call them once a week in order to get in touch with them, building a good rapport with them, no matter how far is it. Some parents even buy some material stuff to their kids as their compensation of time. They shower their children with love and harmony, awarding them by taking them to fun-fair whenever they done something correctly or scoring a good results. Besides, when the children feel unhappy to a certain kind of things, like feeling not happy with their teacher in daily school experiences, parents will become a good listener, listen to their story or experiences and find a solution for them. All in all, parents will be able to win their childr en heart, and in return, children will treat his/her parents back nicely. Ingratiation shows that parents use their positive side of themselves to influence the children perception in the front stage. The next impression management is Intimidation. This kind of impression is simply regarded as the opposite action of the Ingratiation. As we known, Ingratiation is type of the impression in order to get people attractiveness, whereas for Intimidation, it is kind of the impression that make the surrounding feel scary and dangerous. Parents also using this type of impression towards their kids. Parents, usually father uses his air of authority to educate their children in those days and nowadays as well. This situation has made the surrounding very scary and children will feel the sense of danger towards him. Consequently, children dare not against to their parents in the future. Even though when children come to the rebellious stage, they also dare not tone loudly against their parents. This seems much effective than Ingratiation in order to educate their children. Intimidation shows that parents using their negative side of themselves to influence/fear the children in the front stage but at the back stage, they are very caring for their children. The following impression management is Exemplification. This is a kind of impression that a person sacrifices himself in order to influence the other people so that the target will feel guilty and tends to changing his/her bad behaviour. This usually happen on parents in educating their children as well. For instance, when parents saw their children throw rubbish in the public without intentionally, they will pick up the rubbish and throw it into a proper thrash in front of their children, or whenever the parents saw others doing so, also picking up the rubbish and throw it in a proper way, in front of children of course. This has made children guilty that littering is a bad behaviour and they start to change themselves, by not repeating the same mistake again. This shows that parents setting a good example in front of their children in order to instil a good morale values on them. In china, most parents are very poor. They usually work as a farmer and yet they want their children to have a further studies on overseas to get a proper degree. Thus, in order to fund the education fees, they worked very hard and even sell off their valuable things like the land or their house as well to let their children to study. This is also a kind of impression management in parents engaging to their children, sacrificing themselves and making their children to feel guilty if they do not study hard to get a proper degree. Lecturer Impression management refers to the individual intentionally or unintentionally influence and control others formed their own impression. Appropriate impression management helps individuals and others to establish good interpersonal relationships, even attracting the attention of others, and then pull nearly the distance between. Therefore, if lecturer can grasp of teaching impression management strategies, will help to attract the attention of students and learning focused, directly or indirectly, to enhance the students learning motivation and effectiveness. Goffman said that Everyone has their own performance to others; everyone is always trying to keep a proper impression in social contexts, in order to get a positive rating. Everyone has a set of face-saving or face saving strategy that face work. The impression management tactics of lecturer use is ingratiation, intimidation and exemplification. Ingratiation is the strategy use to influence others, in order to increase their own personal attractiveness. How do we choose to show ourselves, by increase our personal appearance? By clothes, darker clothes to convey authority and lighter clothes is produce a friendly image. Do not wear the excessive jewellery and open-toed shoes. Besides, most of the lecturer uses shaping good teaching in order to enhance teachers social status and importance enhance communication between schools and parents. Lecturer emphasis the influence of their background behavior, try to understand student subcultures, establish a positive self-identity, in order to shorten the spatial distance between teachers and students. Lecturer unauthorized use of ingratiation strategies to enhance students interest in learning, to create a sound and stable self-identity of students. Intimidation, the use of coercion is to show the behavior itself is a dangerous man, and caused a horrible impression to others, to accept each other for fear of control, so as to achieve their own ends. Most of lecturer given quizzes and practice in the class to supervise students concentrate in class, understand students learning. Students feel afraid to take quizzes and practice in the case of an unpredictable. This situation helps students to increase their concentration. For those their attendance rate is lower than 80% in each subject, examination not allow as their punishment. Students will attend their class and do not absence randomly. For those who full attendance, bonus marks will give as their rewards. Exemplification, model strategy use refers to behavior for those who show outstanding moral behavior, designed to lure followers exemplary. The core of the strategy is to make others agree with the behavior, in order to win the respect of others, and to increase its own influence to the lofty impression of integrity and behavior. If lecturer is fair and equitable, students were more likely to trust the teachers, actively participate in courses. Score is in your hand, however you decide, not for me to decide, let students know the score in their hands, and openness their result. Respect is important, if teachers respect the students, the students also felt seriously under mutual respect with the teachers, the students learn the effect will be better. Do not quibble over or any contempt and crumbs attitude, if you give him a face embarrassment, may be the next time he not come to class anymore or sleep at there, what ever you talk, he not listen also. If students can feel the enthusias m and sense of responsibility of the teacher, students take the initiative go to class and take part of actively in class. In conclusion, the teacher can directly or indirectly affect the students, but also has the responsibility to make good profit to the future with a variety of ways to enhance students learning motivation and effectiveness. Therefore, as a teacher if the proper use of impression management can promote human interaction of teachers and students to improve the students attention and interest of lectures, with the love of learning contexts, and thus effectively improve learning outcomes. Politician Do you ever ask yourself why the politician is always full of cheers of support from the audiences in his or her political speech? Recently in 6 November 2012 of the United States President Election, Barack Obama managed to win the election and be able to serve for his country for four years more. It is partly due to the high support from the people of United States. However, we may notice that an election is always full of political talks. Therefore, politician will take their opportunity to give their point of views in order to get their supports and build up their reputation. Without doubt, the phenomenon of dramaturgy and the application of impression management can be easily seen in politics. Many of the politicians have their own family and of course they perform differently in different situations. For example, a politician will perform as an ambitious and inspired leader in front of the mass people. On the other hand, politicians will behave to be mean and aggressive to the member of the opposite party. Moreover, they would not behave what they are in politic towards their family members and their beloved. It is then obvious that the behaviors of politicians are dependent to the situations, and the application of impression management is tremendously important to the politicians. Most importantly, what strategies should politicians adopt in engaging impression management? First, most of the politicians use ingratiation tactic as their strategic in politic. The Tactic of ingratiation is to make one politician more liked and attractive by the others. So politician will sometime find out something that attract the peoples attention and provide them something that people really want. They will be considered as caring, responsible and considerate. The purpose of this tactics is to give the good impression to the people and thus the people will support him as a politician. Dato Sri  Haji Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak  (born 23 July 1953) is a  Malaysian  politician who has been the sixth  Prime Minister of Malaysia  since 2009. Recent time, our Prime Minister Najib have establish many policies that benefit all Malaysian. As Malaysia is a multicultural country, 1Malaysia Campaign was established by the Prime Minister on 16 September 2008. 1Malaysia Campaign put emphasis on ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance. Furthe rmore, Najib also introduced the Government Transformation Program (GTP) to increase quality, skill and transparency in public service and the government. Specific measures include the use of Key Performance Indicators to measure the performance of officials and agencies and National Key Result Areas to define goals for specific areas of public policy. Najib also develop a  New Economic Model  that will speed Malaysias transition to a high income country. The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas. Moreover, politicians also engage intimidation tactic towards their political enemy such as the representative of opposite member, terrorists and others. Sometimes the politician stands their point of view very much and they hope that thing can process according to what he says. So they will use this strategic to fear the people and thus achieving what he want. It may be unusual to see in a democratic country because the politician will definitely dont want to lose his supports, but this can be widely seen in the some dictators of underdeveloped countries such as the last dictator of Libya- Muammar Gaddafi. In some how they want to scare the people from preventing them to overthrow his idea and rule. One example that can explain this tactic is the famous Munich Agreement that happened in 30 September 1938. Munich Agreement,   (September 30, 1938), settlement reached by  Germany, Great  Britain,  France, and  Italy  that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland  in western  Czechoslovakia.  As Hitler continued to make inflammatory speeches demanding that Germans in Czechoslovakia be reunited with their homeland, war seemed imminent. Neither France nor Britain felt prepared to defend Czechoslovakia, however, and both were anxious to avoid a military confrontation with Germany at almost any cost. With lots of effort, the Britain and France were able to persuade Hitler to have a meeting. However, Two Czech representatives were only allowed to sit in the room next door. Afterward, Czechoslovakia was informed by Britain and France that it could either resist Germany alone or submit to the prescribed annexations. Finally, the German army was able to conquer Czech without having a war. It is clear to show that Hitler applied tactic of intimidation and fierce impression towards his enemies made him able to achieve his goal. Furthermore, self-promotion is vital for politician because they want to show the capability in doing this. From this, they will get support and then continue in making contribution to the society. During the election, we can always see many politicians go to their election area to shake hand with the voters and even giving a political speech. The main purpose of these moves is to promote oneself and gain vote from the people. One of the examples of this impression management is the fireside chats of Former President  Franklin Roosevelt. They were called fireside chats because fireside chats because when you chat by the fire, you feel calm and relaxed, just like what the fireside chats were intended to be like. People could sit at home and listen to the president speak.  President Roosevelt talked the nation on the radio about various issues during his presidency. On that time, fireside chats were broadcast every Sunday night. He spoke of plans such as creating jobs for the unemp loyed. He gave hope when people needed hope.  Consequently, he gained great support from the people of The United States that made him elected more than two times. Self presentation/ Presenting the Self In self presentation, we are the actors and the others are the audience and vice versa on other people perception. Generally, all of us will try to display the positive side of us and hide the bad images of us. This can be mainly seen in our daily life experience. For instance, we would dress up nicely when we dating with somebody else, laughing with other people although it was a bad joke, and try to pretend a good listener although knowing that it was a boring story. So, just ask ourselves, does this scenario has destroy our true identity on pretending the others although knowing that something is not going well. The answer is NO because all of us are applying the Goffmans principle of role distance, the separation of outward performance as well as inward performances. Therefore, we may outwardly perform a nice, smiling face but inwardly scolding and cursing them instead. Outward performance is similar to the actor does onstage and the inward feeling is comparable to what the actor does on the backstage. Goffman hence uses this stages to his theory in analysing the self-presentation, dividing into frontstage and backstage. In front stage, people present their selves in ways expected for the others, like audience. On the other hand (backstage), starts to reveal their true identity, showing no concern for the audience. Frontstage performance is not necessary consider as dishonest or making fool on the others (audience), but it can be perform better if we apply the Jones and Pittman Taxonomy on the front stage and conceal our true identity in the back stage in our daily, it can seems much interesting in order can influence other people perception as well.

New Computer-based Communication Technologies Essay -- Communication

Today’s organization has access to communications technology that only a few short decades ago would have seemed like science fiction. From mobile devices more powerful than the first personal computers to the ability to create a team that never physically meets and resides in different parts of the world, the possibilities are vast. The issue for the modern manager then, is not only to understand these underlying technologies and the possibilities they provide, but also to stay cognizant of the limitations of the technology. After all, the goal is to improve the efficiency and performance of the organization, not implement the latest shiny new toy. This essay seeks to explore these new computer-based communication technologies, understand their advantages and disadvantages, and to then define which communication methods are better suited to the various tasks that a manager may face. In this context, communication is defined as â€Å"The process by which a person, group or organization (the sender) transmits some type of information (the message) to another person, group or organization† (Hannagan & Bennett, 2008, p. 304). â€Å"New Computer-based Technologies† is defined as any communications medium that requires Information Technology (computers, data networks, etc) as its communication channel. To decide if a technology is an advantage or disadvantage to an organization, then, we must evaluate the technology against the norm, in this case communication methods that do not rely on Information Technology, such as face-to-face meetings, paper based communication and the humble telephone. Reading the above definition of the word â€Å"communication†, one could be forgiven for thinking that it is a straight forward process: the sender of th... ...-to-Face. Journal of Business Communication, 48(1), 54-82. doi: 10.1177/0021943610385656 Lo, S. K. (2008). The nonverbal communication functions of emoticons in computer-mediated communication. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 11(5), 595-597. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0132 Taylor, T. (2011). Video conferencing vs talking face-to-face: is video suitable for supportive dialogue? International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18(7). Thomas, G. F., Zolin, R., & Hartman, J. L. (2009). The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and Its Effect On Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 46(3), 287-310. doi: 10.1177/0021943609333522 Webster, J. (1998). Desktop Videoconferencing: Experiences of Complete Users, Wary Users, and Non-Users. MIS Quarterly(September).

Power in Sociology Essay

Sociology is a study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society. Sociology also studies the sophisticated connection between human behavior and individual life changes. Sociology examines by the way of social structure such as various social institutions that affect human attitudes, organizations and social categories. However, in the subject of Sociology of Work, it has combined sociology with work to improve the human behavior in the organization. According to Grint (2005), â€Å"Work occupies a substantial proportion of most people’s lives and has often been taken as a symbol of personal value†. He perceived that work will affect an activity that transforms nature which could be undertaken in social circumstance. However, power is the main topic to discuss in this essay. Power is the major explanation to the study of social society. According to J. G. March (1966 cited in Shafritz, Ott & Jang, 2005), it is not even related to organization and also among the community of decision making, business behavior, and small discussion. Meanwhile, power is not only used in the organization but theoretical able to apply in the other circumstances. However, the discussion in this essay will be critically evaluate the power that is used by those top level of the organization to control and possess to those lower level in the hierarchy. Coercive power is one of the powers that will be discussed in the argument, follow by social power and also legitimate power. This essay will include some of the theories by Weber and Marx to support the discussion of power. Bureaucracy means the top of the management holds the coordination and possession of the hierarchy and who devised a system that includes the rule and regulation to restrict the lower level subordinate in order to achieve organization goals, (Grint 2005). In the theory of Bureaucracy by Max Weber, he perceived that there are possess and control towards the lower level subordinate by the top in the organization. Weber has conceptualized of authority on bureaucracy by the sense of legitimate power and it will be the center of the organization’s processes. Weber also emphasizes rationalization process that regard to work organization and also able to improve development of technological and scientific thinking. This process would remind the employees to use the most appropriate way to achieve task base on the procedures and the formalize roles. Besides, according to Shafritz, Ott & Jang (2005), â€Å"The principle of office hierarchy and the level of graded authority mean a firm ly ordered system of super and sub-ordination in which there is a supervision of the lower office by the higher ones†. It means that the hierarchy and the level of an organization had their own system of authority to supervision the employees by the top of the management. Capitalism is devised by a German philosopher named Karl Marx. It is related to the industrial sociology and labor process. Marx had mentioned that industrial society had to be compared with agrarian society and the success of human freedom eventually, but the main reason of the social formation was only caused by the capitalist pattern and not the industrial process. Marx had emphasized that capitalism is more important than industrialism because it is the only capitalism. He also argued that â€Å"human species is different from all other animal species, not because of its consciousness but because it alone produces its own means of subsistence† (Grint 2005). On the other hand, alienation and exploitation still an important part of the capitalism. The impact on Marx’s theory in the modern industrial had strictly been use in the labor process. This impact had developed a perspective with the employment relations and employee behavior in the work design and also the organization. Alienation is the relationship between human expression and labor changes, and not using labor to fulfill their needs. Marx also stated that worker are alienates from their labor because it is no longer belong to the worker, but rather to the capitalist. In the system of capitalist, the minority owns the production, where the labor power is only owned by majority (Grint, 2005). Thus, the profit of production is through a commodity market and this is called alienation of production. Exploitation is a social relation on which capitalism is built. Worker pays less of wages than what they produce. It means that the worker gets a 10 dollars wages a day, he/she must produce more than 10 dollars a day worth of value. As we know, power mostly uses to control the hierarchy by the top of the management in an organization. Power in an organization has really big skill, whoever having the higher position in the organization will obtain the possession authority to control the entire organization. According to Giddens (1979 cited in Grint 2005), he argued that too many power which had been used at the same time would cause the least of the result eventually. It means that if the organization had too many of work relationship, it would be more complicated and uncontrollable by the management. However, coercive power is one of the powers that always uses by an organization. This power generally uses in some â€Å"low trust† organization to possess their worker and employees. Due to that, coercive power is often used by the top level to direct control the lower ones. Coercive power tends to be highly prescribed procedures which the workers are ordered to follow step by step of the job. Workers are in close supervision and under surveillance by the top level along the working period. Therefore, low commitment and low trust culture would be integrated into the coercive power regulated organization. Not even that, a tightly bureaucratic structure and culture will infuse in this coercive organization. Bureaucracy management is slightly similar to coercive powers which both are using force and impersonal forces to regulate the organization. Moreover, the internalization of an organization would be affected directly to the performance and productivity of an organization. I n other words, social power means internalization; basically it is a central element in analyzing human society and the way it is organized. Based on organization point of view, the strength of social power is defined as the potential ability of A to influence to B in the organization. According to French and Raven (1959 cited in Shafritz, Ott & Jang, 2005), power of a person is measurable by the influence ability although he may choose to use lesser than it. Due to that, internalization and social power are mostly the same, they are both study about process of acceptance of a set of norms and values established by people or group which are influential to the individual through the process of socialization. However, legitimate powers occur when a leader is being selected to an authority position. It means that the leader with legitimate power has the authority to issue order which they in turn have an obligation to accept. According to French and Raven (1959 cited in Shafritz, Ott & Jang, 2005), they said that the speculation and investigation about social specified behavior has been considerable, which is particularly pr escribed to give a position. People with legitimate power are usually involved in certain title or position. The impact of this legitimate power could affect the whole organization. At the higher hierarchy management person, such as manager and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), they are the main person who makes decision in the whole organization. In term of leadership, the top management would use legitimate power to force the employee to do anything they want and complete the task. But, the down-line employees could reject the forces by their up-line manager. According to Linton (1945 cited in Shafritz, Ott & Jang, 2005), the differences of the group norm are pursuant from whether they are alternative, culture and specialties. As far as concerned, Marx and Weber both have interpret the same meaning related to enforcement in the organization. In the above discussion, Weber has conceptualized of authority on bureaucracy by the sense of legitimate power. Which is means bureaucracy and legitimate power are similar concept of management way for a organization. He also devised that there are possess and control towards the lower level subordinate by the top in the organization. Legitimate power used by some of the organization to regulated their employee. The organization structure and performance will be improve and also increase productivity. In a legitimate organization, the top management has the authority to control the lower ones. However, coercive power also same as the legitimate power use manage the hierarchy in an organization. Coercive power is suitable to use in industrial base organization to supervise the worker since there is â€Å"low trust† structure in the organization. Both of these powers are slightly similar to bureaucracy management that uses to dominate the lower level employees in an organization. For example, Just in Time system (JIT) able to improve behavior of the worker and power capacity. JIT is mainly use by industrial sector in Japan which is produce just in time for them to use. JIT is a simple production method for manufacturing. It is to produce and deliver the product at once it is finished to be sold which is also called just in time to be sold. Lastly, there is another power relate to hierarchy management from top to lower level. Social power as we know as internalization of an organization, it is a study of someone’s influential to individual through the process of socialization. Social power is much more important for the hierarchy management . This power would be need more skill and knowledge when use to apply on employees. Top management need to know how to influence the lower ones to change their mindset. The worker will perform better and efficacy when their mindset is just toward the organization. Total Quality Management (TQM), the system that use in many organization since 1980s. In this case study of TQM, they had question toward power that to be capability of individual or group. They research on the structure and inter-personal characteristics within the bank division and branches that under same organization. From analysis of this case study, the power relation not only apparent in social power but also in coercive and political power. In conclusion, the power that discuss above which use to improve hierarchy management and that able to develop the human behavior in the organization. Power is the major explanation to study if social society. The three powers that had discussed in the above paragraph include coercive, legitimate and social power. All of these powers have enough use to handle the hierarchy management in the organization. However, coercive and legitimate power is more toward impersonal and forces way of management. Top management can use social power to influence their employees to work and change their mind of thinking in term any affection in the organization.